Schematic sketch of the monsoon system in the Northern Hemisphere
(Graphic: eskp.de/CC-BY).

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The rainfall in West Africa is influenced by the location of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The zone moves northwards during the summer months and brings higher amounts of precipitation in West Africa from May to July. During the winter months the ITCZ is located near the equator above the Gulf of Guinea. On the mainland is during that time dry season. (Graphic: eskp.de/CC-BY).

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Sketch of the El Niño weather conditions.
(Graphic: eskp.de/CC-BY).

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Sketch of the earth atmosphere.
(Graphic: eskp.de/CC-BY).

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graphics eskp.deCC BY4.0